Causes of social fragmentation and participatory art Example For Students

Reasons for social discontinuity and participatory workmanship Outline1 Causes of cultural atomization and participatory art1.0.1 Chapter one1.0.2 The Causes of Social Fragmentation1.0.3 Chapter Two1.0.4 Guy Debord and His Concept of The Society of Spectacle 1.0.5 Chapter Three1.0.6 Participatory Art Reasons for cultural atomization and participatory craftsmanship Part one The Causes of Social Fragmentation Since the start of the twentieth century, especially under the legislature recently industrialist economy, a portion of the aesthetic gatherings communicated their interests over the rambling society arraigning their example to respond to it. Before I take a gander at those aesthetic reactions in the undermentioned sections, in this part I will reevaluate the essential drivers of the adjusting between human dealingss inside society. The Fall of the Berlin Wall in 1989 and a duo of mature ages in this manner the detailed End of the Cold War in 1991, was just a start of another age of neoliberalism or at the end of the day an unreasonable sort of industrialist economy. A short meaning of neoliberalism gives Elizabeth Marinez and Arnoldo Garcia on Global Exchange site. They choose five boss focuses: The guideline of the market, Cuting open outgo for cultural administrations, Deregulation, Privatization and Extinguishing the develop of the open great or network . The point of convergence of every one of these undertakings is the great conditions for concerns, limiting the specialists controls so as to let a free and productive commercial center, in any case at a similar clasp it worked to a great extent against the hands on classification individuals in view of the diminished cultural security including sponsorship. At long last individuals had to accept singular obligation as an exigency to last. Previous Prime Min ister, Margaret Thatcher addressing Women s Own magazine ( October 31 1987 ) underlined: There is nothing of the sort as society . A ; lt ; Deer, 1988 A ; gt ; as it were the disavowal of society s being transforms us into people obliged to run in private limitless being answerable for our ain open help. Less and less obligation for individuals s cultural security prompts the specialists leveling the government assistance region , which was a stipulation of administrations and security by the territory, and a warrant of negligible measures including insignificant pay A ; lt ; An Introduction to Social Policy A ; gt ; . These changing laws inside the specialists and the prior referenced marvel of the twentieth century like denationalization have contributed colossally to the turning bay between individuals by squeezing rivalry. This began to blast logically in light of the mounting figure of privatized organizations and worldwide spread partnerships, free undertakings and worries ins ide the limits of the western universe. This tendency naturally dismissed the statute of fairness consequently spliting individuals into unconventional cultural gatherings. Every one of these techniques turned into the incitement to the arrangement of shopper society, reconstituting the point of convergence from creation to ingestion. In the industrialist monetary framework product turned into the main impetus to society along these lines achieving the whole business of cultural life ( Bourriaud, 2002:113 ) . These monetary adjustments less existent products delivered, more guarantees made through logically complex promotion and the expiring gasp of entrepreneur economy are the genuine underlying foundations of postmodernism and its orderly considerations, recommend the Marxist econo-students of history . A ; lt ; Mizrach A ; gt ; Whereas in spite of the blasting monetary arrangement of the most grounded states, flourishing of the global partnerships so the fluxing riches to the craftsmanship universe unnecessarily the best outcome on workmanship has non been on its financial framework however its manner of speaking ( Stallabrass, 2004:9 ) . This implie d some social boundaries tumbled down each piece great. Increment of looking biennials, workmanship occasions, new current craftsmanship historical centers indicated the impact of planetary changes and aggravation. Be that as it may, the exercises of these historical centers turned out to be consistently increasingly business as they embraced corporate goals, set uping confederations with concern, passing on their stocks nearer to business human advancement . ( 2004:10 ) It shows that our social, cultural, affordable and political life is interlaced each piece great as reliant upon one another. The reality of dismissing Democracy shows English monetary master and teacher Noreena Herzt putting it as: cultural injustice, imbalance and force dissymmetries , ( 2002:271 ) in any case the reason for the corrupting society lies in the intensity of pull offing the general public as a doll which comes up short on its freedom being controlled by others. A logician and creator Raoul Vaneigem put it, the vast of commonplace life is circled by each signifier of molding ( refered to in Gardiner, 2000:107 ) , he proceeds, one of those means is the exchange acceptable the setting of cultural control ( p.108 ) . Stephen Willats considers it a general public as such a latent characteristic stuff to be differently handled and controlled both spatially and ideologically . ( refered to in Kester, 2004:91 ) In expressing this he recognizes the networks rewarded as the inactive or the invertebrate. Typically the obligation for every one of these activities is conveyed by the area, the bureaucrati c arrangement. Anyway expanding corruptness is other than the reason for Democracy disappointment. Hertz giving the representation of expanding corruptness inside the State natural structures repudiates the senator s power concerning the full working. Today altruists are intense to give to arranged causes yet regularly with the reason to hold an impact everywhere throughout the universe. At long last the specialists does non meddle in this issue as it used to be viewed as stepping in to control their capacity ( 2001:206 ) . In this manner it is non astonishing that the ordinary citizens have even less capacity to do an effect. No profound respect that the definitions: Government by the individuals, practiced either straight or through chosen agents and The average folks, considered as the essential start of political force As ; lt ; The Free Dictionary A ; gt ; can be scarcely considered as yet holding a similar importance today. Clearly this transitional clasp starting with one period then onto the next, the removal from Industrialism to Information Age, had a huge effect on the political, monetary and cultural clime. This uprooting was the ground for non just the prior examined causes like neoliberalism or commercialization taking to the cultural atomization and antagonism however adjacent to the devotees. The genuine balance of postmodern thought is the removal to a post-mechanical financial framework. Numerous postmodernists would hold, suggesting that in the new financial framework, administration and data will be a greater amount of import exchange merchandise than products or work power in the new data society amp ; lt ; Mizrach A ; gt ; . Another factor affecting the cultural fight is referenced in this emphasize by Mizrach advancing the significance of having the option to comprehend and do out another condition, where the laterality of the data undisputedly is significant all together non to fall be hind by voyaging manus in baseball glove with the new mechanical achievement leting it to run the new data stream, as without data this perseverance will non be conceivable. Anyway craftsmanship pundit Nicolas Bourriaud talking about the improvement of imparting apparatuses each piece great as the motorization of cultural maps Markss it as a frail nexus in cultural trades, about supplanting them. He gives normal outlines, for example, computerized telephone utilities supplanting the human voice, hard cash machines non requiring human association for cash managing endeavors. ( 2002 ) This solitary represents the non-halting headway in designing turn of events, in certain features to the hurt of world, at long last betraying the grown-up male himself in spite of the incredible part for representation to cure and logical control. Noreena Hertz in the Silent Takeover ( 2002 ) demonstrates the reality, that building has encouraged a creation technique by imagining manufacture. At the end of the day this is a trading from handcraft to innovative. Without a doubt mechanical progresss have permitted machines to supplant individuals ( p.61 ) . Anyway there is concern if similar engineerings are supplanting the human relationship exorbitantly, in such a way uncovering the skirmish of our general public. It is non another idea however rather the on-going issue of the mechanical attack into our lives, which is supplanting non just our existent requests yet next to our existent qualities. Michael and Diane Medved present the deck reality in the book Salvaging Childhood ( 1999 ) : The mean American child will pass more clasp staring at the Television by the age of 5 than they will pass addressing their male parent in their life-time ( p.19 ) , which implies the persistently diverting withdrawal of children from their fo lks. Accidentally potential connections are being supplanted by designing. Another outline of human communication being supplanted through designing is a decent realized eating house Inamo in Soho, which is sole due to a de-customized method of telling supplement. The synergistic framework thoroughly takes care of the server comparable to taking the requests. Clearly loaded with elation customers appreciate bringing the control into their guardianships. Anyway in the terminal there is a lost association in conveying among customer and powers. This is an indicant of the massively spread trip intervention of designing into our ordinary life, which is making offense by debilitating the human connections. This is one of the favorable elements for Bourriaud, whose considerations will be investigated in the accompanying sections in more thing. Taking a gander at these the representations we see that today designing undisputedly is one of the instruments that designs our lives. Another occurrence of cultural concern and an impact o

Fiber Optic Cables Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Fiber Optic Cables - Research Paper Example This strategy utilizes gadgets, for example, visual flaw found or fiber optic tracer to dissect broken associations inside the fiber links. The approach includes a beam of light that is produced from one finish of the fiber link from one of these referenced gadgets. On the off chance that the light sign is noticeable at the opposite finish of the fiber, it reasons that the specific fiber isn't broken (Fiber Optics - Testing ). In any case, if the link neglects to show the beam of light from the opposite end, it presumes that the specific link is broken or harmed from some place. The inclusion misfortune technique incorporates a laser that can reflect blames in a fiber link. The laser is red in shading and shows harmed region of the links. In addition, the technique joins with the Optical Time Domain reflectometer that is utilized to quantify lengths of fiber links, to recognize association misfortunes, distinguish fiber deserts, and in particular graft misfortunes from the fiber. The usefulness of OTDR includes a transmission of light from one finish of the fiber link. The light goes along the way and recognize any potential inconsistencies. In the event that the light experiences an impasse, an imperfection, or a cut in fiber link, it reflects back estimating the separation of that specific issue. The OTDR represent diagrams and follows on the screen fused on the gadget. The association misfortunes are determined from the measure of light that is reflected from that specific zone of the fiber link (Fiber Optic Cable Testing ). Besides, the gadgets fueled by OTDR have given high accuracy.... The usefulness of OTDR includes a transmission of light from one finish of the fiber link. The light goes along the way and distinguish any potential abnormalities. On the off chance that the light experiences an impasse, a deformity, or a cut in fiber link, it reflects back estimating the separation of that specific flaw. The OTDR delineate diagrams and follows on the screen joined on the gadget. The association misfortunes are determined from the measure of light that is reflected from that specific territory of the fiber link (Fiber Optic Cable Testing ). Also, the gadgets fueled by OTDR have given high precision estimations as far as fiber optic attributes. The gadgets are compact and can be utilized viably in the field. Subsequently, the introduced fiber optics are resolved proficiently as per framework particulars. OTDR additionally gives benefits as far as strong information move and remedying deficiencies in an opportune way (DeMeis 161). Moreover, the most generally utilized technique for estimating misfortunes is the Optical Continuous-Wave Reflectometry (OCRW). The usefulness of this strategy includes a transmission of a persistent frequency through an interface, connector or a gadget that should be tried so the misfortunes can be determined in an orderly fashion. The light source that is produced in this strategy is adjusted alongside the use of indicator advanced optical force meter, the arrival misfortune computations can be accomplished with pinpoint exactness (Brown 48). Testing Devices The current applications fueled by web 2.0 are rich video, voice, streak, Ajax and so forth so as to give high data transmission limit Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing systems are critical. System word reference gives a most thorough meaning of this new innovation as â€Å"Dense

Essay examples --

I am an individual who has consistently had a significant enthusiasm and interest for territories requiring a systematic methodology. Directly from early days at school, Mathematics has fascinated me. The most testing of all issues were my top choices and acquiring answers for them would leave me with a sheer sentiment of joy. I generally did and consistently would blossom with tackling the most testing issues. With a convincing want to exceed expectations, difficult work turned into my natural. My goal for a specialized vocation provoked me to take up one of the most desired undergrad program in Computer Engineering at SR Engineering College, the best of such organizations. My own precise and systematic towards finding an answer for any difficult best suits this field. On joining the school, I focused on getting information through the study hall showing materials, yet in addition through the volumes of Computer related materials. In the process I have procured inside and out information in the fields of Database Management Systems, Data Mining and Data Warehousing, Software Engineering particularly in the ideas identified with process association and obligations. I was additionally entranced by the development of Networking and Communication Technology and created distinct fascination for the subjects, for example, Computer Networks, Data Communications and Network Protocols. The Operating frameworks lab and Computer Networks lab released a tenacious want in me to exceed expectations at its utilization and find inventive applications. My undergrad planning at the Computer Science of my University has given me a generous information on the fundamental territories of Computer Science. Any measure of learning in Computer Science would be inadequate without hands on understanding of Programming. In reality as we know it where... ...ts a similar way. After broadly examining the course work, workforce profiles and lab offices, I have seen that the@@@@@@is exceptionally reasonable for understanding my objectives. The positive soul of the college, the positive input from understudies and the degree of skill of the staff in the software engineering division are among the most convincing elements which have driven me to choose@@@@. I am mindful of the difficult work and tirelessness vital for look into work and I realize that it isn't generally as energizing as the distributed outcomes appear to demonstrate. All things considered, I am certain that my fitness and drive will see me through the test. It is in light of this, that I anticipate a long and compensating relationship with your college as an alumni understudy, I accept this open door to thank the University workforce for their patient scrutiny of my application.

Management of underperforming surgical trainee Essay

The executives of failing to meet expectations careful learner - Essay Example Work place based evaluation 15 Annexes: Forms layout Foreword The reason for this handbook is to give a manual for the clinical boss in the exhibition of his/her obligations in the emergency clinic. This is intended to give the administrator with assets and models for the management work and to situate the director on the center oversight program. This is additionally an indication of our communicated pledge to give understudies astounding scholastic readiness. The materials contained in this manual are not planned to substitute existing ones, yet rather to enhance the data. Pertinent structures are connected for supervisor’s use. The Clinical Supervision The clinical management is an expert planning. The experience assembled in this activity gives the understudy a chance to complete proficient obligations. The clinical oversight permits the understudy to coordinate the scholarly hypotheses gained from school to real practice under the direction of a facility manager Clinical Supervision is characterized as â€Å"formal procedure of expert help and discovering that empowers singular specialists to create information and fitness, accept accountability for their own training, and upgrade persistent security and wellbeing of care in a wide scope of circumstances (â€Å"clinical supervision†). ... Mutual clinical duty guaranteeing that the client’s treatment objectives are tended to. A thorough procedure that guarantees moral and legitimate obligation. An individualized methodology dependent on the adapting needs and style of the supervisee. Harmoniousness with the qualities and theory of the office. Received from: Part 2, Chapter 2, NCBI Resources The Clinical Supervision Defining the qualities of an Effective Clinical boss a. The Clinical Supervisor’s targets The clinical supervisor’s premier goal is to set up a positive chief supervisee relationship that advances client’s government assistance and expert improvement of supervisee. The Clinical Supervisor has a balanced character as he goes about as an educator, mentor, expert, coach, evaluator and head (TIP 52). The Clinical Supervisor has the accompanying destinations in carrying out his responsibilities: 1. To enable the less experienced laborer to improve his/her abilities. 2. To guarantee that patients get the best clinical consideration . 3. To have e away from of desires, progressing survey and input; and a pledge to proficient turns of events. These destinations will be talked about more completely in succeeding areas of the manual. The Clinical Supervisor b. The Clinical Supervisor’s Duties and Responsibilities The clinical director is resolved to work with different offices so as to give a remarkable client experience. The job calls for planning the executives and clinical exercises. Duties incorporate the accompanying: Staffing Budgeting Personnel the board Staff advancement Occasional clinical inclusion and end of the week house oversight Source:

Corporate Parenting Essay

Children’s homes work under the directorate of â€Å"Corporate Parenting† implying that when a youngster is set in the children’s home on a between time or full consideration request or regardless of whether the kid is deliberate set by the trust ( once they become taken care of), the staff inside the home have duties which incorporate shielding the youthful people government assistance when their needs are being considered by the courts and furthermore mulling over when settling on choices the perspectives on the kid, parent and some other individual engaged with the youngster. As a corporate parent the child’s strict personality, racial beginning, social and phonetic foundation all should be thought of, likewise your job incorporates setting up the youngster forever when they will never again be â€Å"looked after† by the trust. Staff in private consideration have a lawful obligation to every youngster as coordinated by the â€Å"Children’s Order (NI) 1995. Under the directorate of corporate child rearing social consideration staff with in children’s homes are obliged to take care of and treat any youngster as some other great parent would care for their own kid. Social specialists in private consideration endeavor to include the child’s parent in the dynamic procedure of the child’s life; and work in organization with guardians, anyway there can be events where a parent doesn't act to the greatest advantage of their youngster and the trust as a corporate parent can confine a choice made by the parent. Proficient Carer Proficient Carers can be utilized inside the legal, willful and private part, again proficient carers (i.e) non-permanent parents/charge paid carers or crisis encourage carers have an obligation to give an obligation of care to defend and secure the government assistance and prosperity of every kid put with them. Proficient carers are likewise administered by approaches and methodology and enactment which are a necessity by law.

more Financial Aid questions COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

more Financial Aid questions COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog some more financial aid questions to chew on while youre enjoying the holidays Q: If I do not receive funding for my first year, will I be re-evaluated for my second year? A: Yes, there is a separate application for second year funding, and all SIPA students are eligible to apply.   Candidates for second year funding must have a cumulative grade point average of at least 3.4.   All second year funding is merit-based. Q: How and when are second year funding decisions made? A: Second year awards include some scholarships but consist mostly of assistantships, which are part-time jobs in which the student receives both a scholarship and a salary.   Recipients are chosen on the basis of their academic performance and professional credentials, and as is the case with any job search, networking helps, so get to know professors or departments for which you would like to work.   Students must apply for these awards during the spring semester of their first year (usually a deadline in late February), and appointments are made starting in April and continue for several months. Q: Is funding available for dual degree students? A: Yes, dual degree students, along with all other SIPA applicants are automatically considered for institutional aid (fellowships and scholarships).   For more details on how to apply for financial aid, click here.   Please note that SIPA funding can only be used while in residence at SIPA, and funding is specific to the year for which it is offered and cannot be deferred while the student is attending another school. Q: How many SIPA students borrow student loans, and what is their average indebtedness? A: Approximately 39% of SIPA’s Class of 2013 used educational loans as part of their financing strategy, with an average loan debt for two years of $73,000. Q: Are there ways to get any of my student loan debt forgiven? A:   If you establish a career in the public or non-profit sectors, you may qualify for forgiveness of any remaining balance on your eligible federal student loans by taking advantage of the Public Service Loan Forgiveness (PSLF) Program.   There is also loan forgiveness available for some teachers (click here for additional details on both programs). If you have a question about financial aid at SIPA, please email us at:   sipa_finaid@columbia.edu.

Course Work Formative Assessment Literature Search Process - 550 Words

Course Work: Formative Assessment, Literature Search Process (Coursework Sample) Content: Course Work: Formative AssessmentNameCourseDateCourse Work: Formative AssessmentLiterature Search Process The literature search process will premise on the internet using the Medline database. The first step will be the description of the research topic. The topic for the paper is Identification of difference between utilising cryoablation or microwave radiation in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing thermal ablation treatment in entire tumour ablation. The second step will be breaking down the topic to key concepts to formulate a clear question based on PICO model. PICOhepatocellular carcinomaANDcryoablationANDmicrowave radiation hepatocellular carcinomacomplete ablation of the tumour The search on the Medline database will entail the use of the term AND to fashion the search together. The next step will be incorporating the primary keywords identified in PICO model. The keywords determined by the search will be a hepatocellular ca rcinoma, cryoablation, microwave radiation hepatocellular carcinoma and complete ablation of the tumour. The subsequent step will involve formulating of the research topic to a clear, focused question through incorporating the identified keywords in the PICO model. For a systematic research of literature on the Medline, it will be essential to avoid the introduction of limits such as generic limits evident in publication date or language to prevent any bias in the search. The search for the keywords identified resulted in the following hits on the Medline database.SearchSearch conducted using the key wordsHits1hepatocellular carcinoma4222cryoablation2733microwave radiation hepatocellular carcinoma194complete ablation of the tumour107 The manual searches to identify grey literature for the study was in the form of interviews. The first interviews were with experienced medical practitioners with specialisation in the hepatocellular carcinoma. The basis of the int erviews was to collect first-hand information on the condition. The second interviews were in the form of focused groups with patients with hepatocellular carcinoma undergoing thermal ablation treatment. The basis of the study was to determine from the patients their experiences with the treatment method employed by their doctors in treating the condition. The key studies found from the search include the following. The first study by Xu, et al., (2004: 53-61), investigates the therapeutic effectiveness of thermal ablation in treating hepatocellular carcinoma based on radiofrequency and microwave energy application. The second is by Lu, et al., (2006: 801-805), which attempts to contrast clinical results of surgical resection (SR) with percutaneous thermal ablation evident in the early stage of hepatocellular carcinoma. The third study by Yin, et al., (2009: 1914-23), tries to evaluate the clinical values visible in ultra-guided percutaneous composite thermal ablation method in the treating of medium and large hepatocellular carcinoma. The fourth study is by Chinnaratha, (2016, 294-301). The study attempts to determine which modality has the best outcomes between microwave ablation and radiofrequency ablation when using percutaneous thermal ablation. The study, which was a meta-analysis, entailed randomised controlled trials as well as observational studies in the comparison of the two techniques. The last study by Yin, et al., (2004: 1029-1032), involves evaluating the therapeutic effectiveness of percutaneous thermal ablation with the curative objective of hepatocellular carcinoma with the measurements of between 3.0 centimetres and 7.0 centimetres. Methodological Appraisal The aim of the study presented by Xu et al., (2004: 53-61) was to examine the therapeutic effectiveness of the thermal ablation in the treating of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) based on the radiofrequency (RF) and microwave energy application. The design of the study entailed one hundre d and ninety nodules in ninety-seven patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. The patients were eighty-seven male and thirteen females with a mean age of 53.4 years along with a range of between 24 and 74 years. The patients were subject to RF or microwave ablation for four years. The article explains the fundamental purpose of the study in being capable of satisfying the reason for the scholars engaging in the study. The explanation is evident from the systematic presentation in that details the stages of the study. Moreover, the research study attains the expected results visible from using a research design and approach that permits for the follow-up process based on...

Character Analysis of Elisa Allen in The Chrysanthemums...

Many readers who analyze Steinbecks short story, The Chrysanthemums, feel Elisas flowers represent her repressed sexuality, and her anger and resentment towards men. Some even push the symbolism of the flowers, and Elisas masculine actions, to suggest she is unable to establish a true relationship between herself and another. Her masculine traits and her chrysanthemums are enough to fulfill her entirely. This essay will discuss an opposing viewpoint. Instead, it will argue that Elisas chrysanthemums, and her masculine qualities are natural manifestations of a male dominated world. Pertinent examples from The Chrysanthemums will be given in an attempt to illustrate that Elisas character qualities, and gardening skills,†¦show more content†¦If he gave her any personal praise, as a woman of distinct qualities (one who was vital to the farms survival), he might be empowering her. Thus, he keeps his praise for her superficial skills, growing flowers. In this way, Henry fru strates Elisa by not seeing into her true character. The flowers represent Elisa trying to find some way of escaping from her frustrated and repressed husband, not from her own sexual frustration. Since Elisa is a woman with more than superficial qualities, in addition to being a good worker, she seeks a way to fit into this world she feels is limited to her. She feels that it is limited because it is being dominated and interpreted by men. Thus, she tries to seek out some understanding from a stranger who is looking to find fix-it work. Many readers see Elisa as being cold and frigid towards the stranger at first appearance. Yet, this is quite possibly her intelligent reaction from being experienced with the realities of life. This scene portrays a combat of wits in which she shows herself a person of right feeling, one who doesnt let her charitable instincts run away with her (Beach, 312). Here we have a strange man, and men have proven to Elisa they have a limited understanding of a womans gentler qualities. Her reaction shows intelligence, good instincts, and is revealing of the period in which the storyShow MoreRelatedEssay on Analysis of The Chrysanthemums1139 Wo rds   |  5 PagesAnalysis of The Chrysanthemums The short story The Chrysanthemums gives insight into the life of its author. John Steinbeck was born on February 27, 1902, in Salinas, California. The locale of the story is of key resemblance to the Salinas in which Steinbeck was born and bread. Salinas was a typical American small town, [differing] only in location and a few distinctive features (McCarthy 3). The protagonist of this story, Elisa Allen, also resembles Steinbecks first wife. SteinbeckRead MoreCharacter Analysis the Chrysanthemums1220 Words   |  5 PagesChristopher Engl. 1302 April 15, 2013 Paper 1 Character Analysis â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† by John Steinbeck John Steinbeck was born in 1902 and lived during what is said to be the most troubled time in American history. Steinbeck was alive during the Dust Bowl paired with the Great Depression, which is believed to be the reason for his almost melancholiac tone in some of his works but he seemed a very diverse writer. Along with â€Å"The Chrysanthemums†, Steinbeck is the author of the well-known and famousRead More The Chrysanthemums Essay1649 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Steinbeck’s, The Chrysanthemums, was published in 1938 in a book of short stories, entitled The Long Valley. The Chrysanthemums has been a rather powerful draw for scholars because of its wide gap for interpretations and analysis of its main protagonist character, Elisa Allen and also the unique descriptions used to portray the deeper meaning behind the setting of the story. Themes of sexuality, oppression of women, as well as other numerous types of conflict portrayed in this rather somberRead MoreEssay on Symbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck1179 Words   |  5 PagesSymbolism in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck A symbol is an act, person, thing, or spectacle that stands for something else, by association a usually broader idea in addition to its own literal meaning (Cassill Bausch, 1728). John Steinbecks The Chrysanthemums may seem as a story describing a simple day with the Allen couple. It begins with Elisa Allen working in her garden and her husband, Henry Allen, negotiating with two suited business men that want to purchase steers. TheyRead MoreProposal969 Words   |  4 PagesCharacter Analysis: Elisa Allen John Steinbeck has a very engaging mind. He not only makes people think when they read his work; he makes them think through a number of scenarios with his tales. I believe that looking at this story, you sense this woman, Elisa Allen, is a woman who is very unhappy with her life. The only satisfaction Elisa gets out of life is being in her garden with her family of chrysanthemums. Elisa is very unsettled with her life as a whole. She does not like being stuckRead MoreJohn Steinbeck2062 Words   |  9 Pagesminiature versions of books or novels, where an author takes a tale and crams it into a ten to twenty page story. John Steinbeck is not only a well-known novelist, but also writes short stories like â€Å"The Chrysanthemums† and â€Å"Flight†. In Steinbeck’s â€Å"The Chrysthemums† Elisa Allen is married to a negligent ranch owner. While her husband works on the ranch, Elisa tends to her chrysanthemum garden daily. One day while tending to her garde n, a charming tinker man pulls up to her in his wagon and tries toRead MoreEssay on Character Analysis of Elisa Allen in The Chrysanthemums747 Words   |  3 PagesCharacter Analysis of Elisa Allen in The Chrysanthemums by John Steinbeck The Chrysanthemums, written by John Steinbeck, captures one day in the life of a woman who yearns for a more fulfilling life. Elisa is first portrayed as a woman whose tasks are exceeded by her abilities. As the day continues, a stranger briefly enters her life and, through manipulative words, fills her heart with hopes of change and excitement. We learn that these newly-found hopes are crushed when Elisa eventuallyRead MoreEnglish All Semester 26504 Words   |  27 PagesWeek 7 7.03A, 7.03B 7.05B, 7.08 Week 8 8.01, 8.02A and B, 8.03, 8.05 (segment exam) 5.03- A rose for Emily Part I: Character Identification in A Rose for Emily In complete sentence format, identify each of the following characters. Remember reporters, be sure to include as much information as possible to give your readers a vivid picture of each of the following characters: 1. Emily Grierson: Emily Grierson was a young lady, whose life was always run by her father. Her father who was

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The Negative Effects Of Divorce - 1089 Words

In the United States, over 90% of people are said to marry by the age of 50 years (Scott, Rhoades, Stanley, Allen, Markman, 2014). Healthy marriages are considered to be good for the mental and physical wellbeing of the husband and wife. As for the children, they get to grow in a happy home that provides them protection from mental, educational, social, and physical problems. However, the society may have been successful in getting rid of the stigma that is associated with ending a marriage, but it can no longer ignore the massive effects that come with it, especially to children. To the parents, the effect is separation from one another. To the children, the effects include engaging in drug abuse to get over the emotional turmoil,†¦show more content†¦According to Scott et al., (2014), there are some reasons that lead people to divorce. The first reason is unfulfilled emotional needs. They materialize because of lack of sex for men and lack of emotional support for women f rom the men. As a consequence, they feel that other people may fulfill their emotional needs. The second reason is communication problems. They occur because partners do not understand how to communicate with one another. Thus, they look to other people who they can communicate with without problems. The third reason is different attitudes towards gender roles. They arise because the husband may feel that the role of his wife is only to cook and clean the house. Therefore, the wife looks for another person that values their gender. The fourth reason is different priorities concerning family time. The husband may be spending a lot of time at work than at home in order to provide for the family. As a result, they may grow apart. The fifth reason is an absence of the ability to solve conflicts. When there are conflicts, the couples are unable to resolve because they cannot come to an agreement making them feel that they cannot rely on one another in times of problems. Due to the above reasons for divorce, I decided to carry out a study to find out the key to a happy marriage. The method of research used in the study was qualitative. The method wasShow MoreRelatedNegative Effects Of Divorce1475 Words   |  6 PagesDivorce is the termination of a marriage or marital union, the canceling or reorganizing of the legal duties and responsibilities of marriage, Divorce occurs after a husband and wife decide not to live together anymore and they do not want to marry one another. They agree to sign legal documents that allow them to marry other people if they so wish. Divorce is a problem that is increasing every year. It also affects our society, which most countries face. Divorce causes many negative effects, someRead MoreNegative Effects Of Divorce1718 Words   |  7 PagesDivorce is a controversial issue in the United States. On one side of the argument, some researchers claim that children of divorced parents are still able to adapt to their new environment and have an enhanced level of maturity, among other things. On the other hand, researchers like Karl Zinsmeister believe that the effects of divorce on children can never be fully overcome and marital conflicts cause significantly less damage to children than divorce does (Zinsmeister, 1996). The purpose of thisRead MoreNegative Effects of Divorce1303 Words   |  5 PagesDivorce c an be one of the biggest environmental pressures put on a child with lasting affects that can lead well into their adulthood. With an increase in the number of divorces taking place each year it is starting to become a major concern for not only children and their families but also for society as a whole. 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Signs of Stress in the Police Profession - 531 Words

What issues can be a sign of stress in the police profession and what could be done to help prevent it? All aspects of any job can be stressful. There are several different factors that can cause stress. The cause of stress in the police profession is characterized by job related stress and fatigue. According to Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary (2013), stress in general is a physical, chemical, or emotional factor that causes bodily or mental tension and may be a factor in disease causation (Full definition of stress, 1c.). Job stress may involve the type of work your do, your boss, or co-workers or your hours you work. When it comes to job stress, it can take a toll on your productivity, as well as your physical and emotional health. Job related stress is one of the most common causes of heart disease in the workplace. However, in my current career as a Deputy Sheriff, I have more stress from work related issues then the stress that comes from everyday life. Besides the job re lated stress issues and concerns, my job is very rewarding to me. I have the opportunity to help people and give them a sense of security. However, there are times where the workplace is not so rewarding because we are over worked and under paid. Also the constant changes to the workplace policies and procedures are designed to benefit the employer instead of the employee is major cause in job stress. These types of stressful situations may affect police personnel on every level.Show MoreRelatedThe Effects Of Stress On The Body s Normal State1402 Words   |  6 PagesStress is the body’s reaction to internal or external stimuli that upset the body’s normal state. A stimulus that causes stress that can physical, mental, or emotional. The term stress is used to refer to both the body’s reaction and the stimuli that caused it. The body’s reaction to highly stressful situations is known as the flight or fight response. 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Dually-Diagnosed Individuals Free Essays

Dually-diagnosed individuals refer to a â€Å"group of patients with severe and persistent mental illness and co-existing drug and alcohol problems† (Burns-Lynch, 1997). Patients are more likely to go through physical, psychological, social, and spiritual problems, not only affecting their families and loved ones, but the community as a whole. Some of these include family or intimate relationship, isolation and social withdrawal, financial problems, employment/ school problems, risky behavior while driving, multiple admission for chemical dependency services and for psychiatric care, increased need for health care services, legal problems, and homelessness (Hamilton, n. We will write a custom essay sample on Dually-Diagnosed Individuals or any similar topic only for you Order Now d. ). More importantly, the condition of the patients could get worse with psychiatric symptoms being masked by alcohol or drug use, alcohol or drug use or withdrawal that can mimic or give the appearance of some psychiatric illness, untreated chemical dependency that can contribute to a reoccurrence of psychiatric symptoms, and untreated psychiatric illness that can contribute to an alcohol or drug relapse (â€Å"Dual Diagnosis or Co-Occurring Disorders†, n. d. ). Certain treatments can be done, such as the care/ confrontation methods (choosing between managers who will care for the patients, or allow the client to care for himself), the abstinence-oriented/ abstinence-mandated programs (which depends on the willingness on the patient to remain abstinent, or abstinence will be made a goal), and the recovery and rehabilitation method/ deinstitutionalization (which focuses on restricting the patient in an intensive setting or allowing him to recover in the community) (Burns-Lynch, 1997). The law requires the safety of every member of the community. Dangers can be posed by dually diagnosed individuals. But it also has to be kept in mind that they too are people who need extra care and understanding. Man has a duty to help other men in times of need. Caring for dually-diagnosed individuals will not only bring safety to the patients, but to all members of the community as well. How to cite Dually-Diagnosed Individuals, Papers

How My Brother Leon Brought Hime a Wife Essay Example For Students

How My Brother Leon Brought Hime a Wife Essay Literary Devices Plot Devices A Literary Device is a technique that shapes narrative to produce an effect on the reader A plot device is an object, a character or a concept introduced into the story by the author to advance its plot. A Plot Twist is any unexpected turn of the story that gives a new view on its entire topic. A plot twist at the end of the story is called a twist ending. A Flashing Arrow is a technique used to focus the readers, but not the characters, attention on an object or a location that will be important later in the story. A Red Herring is a plot device that distracts the readers attention from the plot twists that are important for the story. It is used to maintain tension and uncertainty. A Deathtrap is a plot device that the villain uses to try to kill the protagonist and satisfy his own sadistic desires. A Comic Book Death is a technique makes a major character die or disappears for forever, but character re-appears later in the story. A Dark and Stormy Night is a cliche-like opening that usually includes darkness, violent lightning and a general mood of solitude. s a cliche-like opening that usually includes darkness, violent lightning and a general mood of solitude. Reverse Chronology is technique where begins at the end and works back toward the beginning. In medias res is a literary technique where the narrative starts in the middle of the story instead of from its beginning. The characters, setting, and conflict are often introduced through a series of flashbacks. Items Devices Some items and objects in the story may have a special significance for the plot. These can be divided into several categories: Chekhovs Gun is an item that is introduced early in the story and plays a crucial role later on. MacGuffin is an item whose nature is never quite explained to the reader but is a prime motivation for the characters. A Plot Coupon is an object that is crucial for resolving the conflict and completing the story. Commonly, it is a supernatural artefact divided into several parts and scattered all over the world. A Plot Voucher is an object similar to both plot coupon and Chekhovs gun: it is usually presented to the protagonist at the beginning f the story and plays an important role in the resolving of the conflict. Visions Characters share with the reader visions of the past or the future in order to explain a characters motives or certain plot twists. A Dream Sequence is a series of dreams which allow a character to see events that occur or have occurred in another time. Analepsis (flashback) presents events previous to the current time fr ame. Flashbacks are usually presented as characters memories and are used to explain their backgrounds and the back-story. Racconto is very much like a flashback but is usually somewhat longer and more gradual. Prolepsis (flash-forward) presents events that will occur in the future. Prophecy is often used science fiction to underline their futuristic structure. Foreshadowing is a premonition, much like a flash-forward, but only hints at the future. Had-I-Known is a form of foreshadowing that describes the consequences of a mistake a character is about to make. Finales There are several patterns for story endings: A Cliff-hanger is an abrupt ending that leaves the plot incomplete , without denouement. It often leaves characters in a precarious or difficult situation which hint at the possibility of a sequel. A Twist Ending is an unexpected finale that gives an entirely new vision on the entire plot. It is a powerful technique but it can leave the reader dissatisfied and frustrated. A Happy Ending is a finale when everything ends in the best way for the hero. Poetic Justice is a type of a happy ending where the virtue is rewarded and the vice is punished. Deus ex machina a plot device dating back to ancient Greek theatre, where the conflict is resolved through a means (by god, deus) that seem unrelated to the story. This allows the author to end the story as desired without following the logic and continuity of the story. Literary Devices Character Devices NARRATIVE What is Narrative ? Development of Narrative Certain character devices refer to the identity of the author related to characters in a story. Self-insertion is a literary technique used to intentionally introduce the author into the story as a character. An Author Surrogate is a character who expresses the ideas, questions, personality and morality of the author and acts as the authors spokesman. Mary Sue or Gary Stu is a character who can be seen as an idealized self-insertion by the author. The introduction of a Mary Sue or Gary Stu is generally unintentional. An Audience surrogate is a character who expresses the questions and confusion of the reader. This technique is frequently used in detective fiction and science fiction. Other character devices refer to special traits of a character. Christ figure is an extended metaphor where a character is strongly associated with the religious figure of Jesus Christ. Often, the Christ figure is represented as conspicuously moral, and may sacrifice himself. Sometimes, such a character is then resurrected. Setting NARRATIVE What is Narrative ? Development of Narrative Setting refers to the set of locations where the story takes place as well as the history, geography and the laws of nature of the world in which the story takes place. A Ficton is an imaginary world that serves as the setting or backdrop for a story. A ficton can be identical to our world or different as the author can imagine. A Fictional Universe is an imaginary world that serves as the setting or backdrop for science fiction and fantasy. Other terms related to Fictional Universe are Canon, Expanded Universe, Fanon, Multiverse and Linking Room. A Back-story is the history of the characters and the world where the story takes place. The back-story provides extra depth to the story by anchoring it to external events, real or imagined. Incluing is a literary technique that is used to make the uncovering of the back-story less straightforward and more intriguing. Instead of explaining directly the narrator (or the characters) constantly refers to various events, assuming that everyone knows what they are talking about. Retcon is an acronym for retroactive continuity, describes alteration of the back-story that contradicts the previously accepted vision. It is used to fix continuity errors is particularly in episodic media. A Fictional Crossover is a technique where otherwise separated fictional characters, stories, settings or universes meet and interact with each other. Shared Universe is a technique in which several different authors share settings and characters which appear in their respective works of fiction, often referring to events taking place in the other writers stories. Continuity NARRATIVE What is Narrative ? Development of Narrative Continuity binds a story together through consistency of the plot, the characteristics of characters, objects, places and events. It maintains the laws of nature and rational order of the facts, history, and the universe where the story takes place. Sometimes errors and inconsistencies in the continuity appear in a story. Breaks in continuity that are deliberate are plot devices. A Plot Hole is a gap in the storyline when the plot contradicts itself or simply leaves unanswered questions. A Plot Dump is a technique used when a lot of information necessary for understanding the story is given at once, typically in a dialogue between characters. Sunnydale Syndrome is a common challenge to the suspension of disbelief when the minor characters fail to notice unusual and even paranormal things going right in front of them. Stormtrooper Effect is a reference to the apparent incapability of minor characters (see also Redshirts) to seriously injure major ones even when having all advantages on their side. Chuck Cunningham Syndrome is a term that refers to plot twist (usually, in episodic media) when a major character is removed without satisfactory explanation or no explanation at all. Rhetoric NARRATIVE What is Narrative ? Development of Narrative Authors also manipulate the language of their works to create a desired response from the reader. Rhetorical devices draw the readers attention to the text and to make the characters conversations more realistic. Some rhetorical devices are: An Anacoluthon is an abrupt change of syntax in sentence structure. For example: a sentence sets up a subject and verb, but then the sentence changes its structure so that no direct object is given. An Analogy is a comparison based on similarity; a form of logical inference. Assonance is the repetition of vowel sounds within a short passage . A Chiastic Structure is a figure of speech based on inverted parallelism; a rhetorical figure in which two clauses are related to each another through a reversal of terms in order to make a larger meaning. Conceit is an extended metaphor, associated with metaphysical poetry. Images and ideas are juxtaposed in surprising ways to provoke the reader into a more sophisticated understanding of an object of comparison. Constrained Writing is a form of writing in which artificial constraints are imposed, such as a story told in one syllable words. Diction refers the precise choice of words based on their connotation and meaning. Epithet is a descriptive word or phrase often metaphoric that are frequently attached to names. Juxtaposition is the placing together two elements for comparison or contrast. A Metaphor is a direct comparison between two or more seemingly unrelated subjects. An Oxymoron combines two normally contradictory terms; for example falsely true A Parade of Horribles is a rhetorical device used by the speaker who argues something by listing a number of extremely undesirable consequences. Parallelism is a balance of two or more similar words, phrases, or clauses; to give two or more parts of the sentences a similar form so as to give the whole a definite pattern. Parody is ridicule by imitation, usually humorous. Personification is a figure of speech which involves directly speaking of an inanimate object, or an abstract concept, as if were a living entity. A Rhetorical Question is a figure of speech in the form of a question posed for rhetorical effect rather than for the purpose of getting an answer. A Simile is a figure of speech in which the object is compared to another object using the words like or as. Symbolism is the creative use of arbitrary symbols as abstract representations of concepts or objects or of attribution of symbolic meanings or significance to objects, events, or relationships. Writers voice describes the individual writing style of an author, writers use of syntax, diction, punctuation, character development, dialogue, etc. Word Play is a literary technique in which the nature of the words used themselves become part of the work. Puns, phonetic mix-ups, rhetorical excursions, oddly formed sentences are common examples of word play Nursery Rhyme Charades I use this activity with my really little onesPre-Kindergartenwhen they are learning about nursery rhymes and Mother Goose. It is very simple, and a lot of fun for my students. We begin by discussing nursery rhymes in general, and by naming as many of them as we can. Then we play the game. Each student in turn goes to the center of the circle and pantomimes an element from a nursery rhyme. For instance, he might pantomime someone sleeping for Little Boy Blue. ) The rest of the class tries to guess what nursery rhyme is meant. When dealing with very young studentsalthough I suppose this activity would work with older kids as wellit is very important for the teacher to carefully guide the acting and guessing, and to make positive comments about the perform ances (Wow! thats a really interesting way to act out Bo Peep! ) and about the guesses (Well, no, that isnt what hes doing, but I can see what you mean. He does sort of look like hes jumping over a candlestick, doesnt he! ) so that everyone feels a part of the learning. My Pre-Kindergarten class is my most difficult, and this activity works extremely well with them. Newspaper Puppets This is a great project for older elementary through adult. In addition to exploring characterization and puppet manipulation skills, it builds teamwork and can bring a cast to a closer collaboration. You Will Need: †¢ A whole lot of old newspapers. Figure a stack 6-12 inches tall for each group of three or four students. †¢ Tons of masking tape. Figure four or five rolls per group. (Masking tape is fortunately really cheap. Making the Puppets †¢ Divide the class or cast into groups of three or four, and give each some newspapers and some tape. †¢ Each group must build a giant figure it can be a person or an animal, real or fantasticout of rolled up, folded   or wadded newspaper and masking tape. Generally limbs are made by rolling paper into long, stiff tubes held together by tape, while solid masses, such as torsos are made by loosely wadding paper and wrapping it thoroughly with tape. There is no such thing as using too much tape! I usually allow no scissors, but paper may be torn to shape. In general the figures should be about the size of the students themselves (altough they are of course much lighter) and the more flexible joints and movable limbs the better. (I once made a marvelous spider. ) †¢ Even as they are building the figure, the group should be thinking about how it will move. This is not the kind of puppet one puts hands inside, but rather the kind one manipulates from the outside. All team members should have a role in manipulating the finished puppet. (For instance, one might operate the feet, one the hands, one the head, etc. ) Manipulating the Puppets When the puppets are finished, including whatever changes have to be made to accomodate movement, the groups rehearse manipulation. They must focus on working together so that their creature moves as a unified whole rather than a collection of independent parts. They may experiment with the sound their creation might make. They rehearse until they can smoothy operate the puppet. †¢ Finally, in a controlled way, bring two or more puppets into interaction. Do they fight? Fall in love with one another? Fear one another? Cooperate on some task? Coach the students to explore all the possibilities. When the project is over, I usually end up just tossing the puppets in the trash. Thats the beauty of a rough-and-ready puppet project like this. (Naturally if someone really wants to take a puppet home I allow them to do so. ) †¢ With older students I compare the process of manipulating our Newspaper Puppets to other puppet techniques they may have seen, such as the huge, multi-puppeteer creations in The Lion King, Spanish Muerte puppets, Bunraku, etc. We also discuss the level of concentration and cooperation necessary to make the puppets work. My students always love this project. Narrative Structure Plot Structure pic]NARRATIVE What is Narrative ? Development of Narrative Plot is the basic structure of any story but narrative can have a variety of internal structures related to style, temporal elements and codification of the message. Plot describes a series of events that happens to the characters in a described setting. Ideally, all events should follow logically in order to maintain the continuity of the story. Larger texts often have subplots that run simultaneously with the main one. A-Plot is the term used for the main plot that binds all the subplots. The A-plot is not necessarily the most important one. The Fifth Business EssayTogether, these five codes function like a weaving of voices. Barthes assigns to the hermeneutic the Voice of Truth; to the proairetic code the voice of Empirics ; to the semic the Voice of the Person; to the cultural the Voice of Science; and to the symbolic the Voice of Symbol. According to Barthes, they allowing the reader to see a work not just as a single narrative line but as a braiding of meanings that give a story its complexity and richness. 2. Temporal Environment A story can be presented in several parts. Although this is often done for marketing purposes, it is also a literary device used to create specific narrative structures. Some common forms are: Serial or Episodic Stories Serial stories are divided into a number of smaller episodes that form a single plot. This structure is rather uncommon in literature but is often used in television and subscription publications. Duology, Trilogy, Tetralogy, etc. Several individual stories may be connected through common characters, geography and history and can be perceived as a single work composed of a set of stories. Frame Stories Segmented stories can be knit together by a frame story, a main story that serves as a framework for a set of shorter stories. Extradiegetic Narrative An extradiegetic narrative is a story that frames the primary story. Frame Narrative A frame narrative is a story within a story. In stories such as Chaucers Canterbury Tails different individuals narrate the events of a story in each frame. Unlike an omniscient narrative, the teller of the story is an actual character with particular traits, prejudices, and motives. This structure can also resemble the psychoanalytic process of uncovering the unconscious behind various obfuscating narratives put in place by the conscious mind. The following terms are commonly used to identify different types of split stories: Sequel: a story set in the same fictional universe but later in time. It usually continues the original storyline. Prequel: a story that happens in the same universe as some previous story. It is provided to explain the original story context. Interquel: a story chronologically set during the interval between two previous stories. Midquel: a story set in the same time and universe as a previous story. In episodic media such TV series and serialized publications stories are composed of episodes, short segments of a main story connected to a story arc, a frame narrative or a side story. Filler: an episode that has no connection to the ongoing storylines. Fillers are used to give background information about the characters or present the back-story. Temporal Order Fabula refers to the chronological sequence of events in a narrative. Simple narratives follow the chronology of history but this is not always the most effective manner to present events when the narrator wishes to provoke high emotional response through suspense. For example, anticipation can be created by presenting certain events in an inverted order. A couple of ways for changing the fabula of a story are: Analepsis (flashback) presents events previous to the current time frame. Prolepsis (flash-forward) presents events that will occur in the future. A classic example of prolepsis is prophecy. In medias res refers to a story that begins in the middle of things rather than at the chronological origin of the story. This reordering of events engages the reader immediately in the action of the story. 3. Literary Style Syntagmatic Structure Syntagmatic structure refers the mode of time-awareness in which listeners are placed by the surface structure (syntax) of the narrative discourse. Simple Narrative A simple narrative is a story that is historically and culturally grounded and shaped by human personality. It organizes a particular stretch of time into a conscious experience. Epic Narrative Epic narratives are prolonged stories of the life of heroic or mythological persons. They create a cyclical state of recurrence. See Monomyth. Lyrical Narrative Lyrical narratives are stories conveyed in verses that are to be accompanied by music. The discourse uses elements of metre and symmetry and a relatively short time period. Literary Genres The development of written narrative has produced a number of distinct fashions or literary styles of narrative discourse. Some common styles are: An Autobiographical Novel is the fictionalized story of an authors life as seen by the author. An Epistolary Novel is a story presented as an exchange of letters between characters. A Historical Novel is a story set within the context of historical events. Protagonists may be fictional or historical personages, or a combination. Hysterical Realism is a literary genre characterized by chronic length, manic characters, madding action, and frequent digressions on topics secondary to the story. Magic Realism is a form of story that realistically describes events set in a magical haze of strange local customs and beliefs. Gabriel Garcia Marquez is a master of this style. A Pastiche is a literary form that openly imitates previous works of another artist, often with satirical intent. A Picaresque Novel is an episodic narrative of the adventures of a rogue on the road. Tom Jones is a classic example. Roman a clef is a story that describes real-life events behind a facade of fiction. Satire is literary style in which human weakness is attacked through irony, derision, or wit. Stream of Consciousness is a narrative discourse that proposes to reveal a characters inner thought processes. The Narrator Corporal Form Physical Position Narrators Bias Grammatical Position 1. Corporal Form Three entities are necessary for storytelling of any kind, an author, a narrator and a reader. The author creates the characters, and events within the story. The narrator presents the story in a way the reader can comprehend. The readers function is to understand and interpret the story. The author and narrator can one if they share the same entity relative to the story. The narrator has definite attributes and limitations that are crucial for the way the story is perceived by the reader. The most important aspect of the narrator is the point-of-view from which the story is told. Point-of-view consists of corporal form, physical position, bias and grammatical stance. There are two basic forms of narrative according to the corporal form of the narrator: Diegesis: a personified narrator describes events in the narrative, addressing the audience directly describing what is in the characters mind and emotions. To enter the world of the story, the reader must suspend disbelief and accept the storys diegesis. Mimesis: the story is told by an omniscient incorporeal entity; what is going on in a characters inner thoughts and emotions are shown through external actions rather than through description of the characters state of mind and emotions. 2. Physical Position The physical position of the narrator determines what the narrator can see and therefore what the reader can see. This has particular relevance when a narrative is presented as a film. The position of the camera lens, the focalization, is critical for the viewers interpretation of a scene. Focalization Focalization is the presentation of a scene through the subjective perception of a character. The term can refer to the focalizer, the person doing the seeing or to the object that is being perceived. In literature focalization is established through narration in the grammatical first-person. In film, camera positions such as point-of-view shots, subjective shots and over-the-shoulder shots are combined with presentation of shots in specific sequences. Point-of-view Shot A point-of-view shot is a scene in a film that shows what a character is looking at. It is usually established by positioning the point-of-view shot between a shot of a character looking at something, and a shot showing the characters reaction (a reverse shot). Subjective Treatment In film, subjective treatment shots show events as if we see through the minds eye of the character. Such as shot may be used to portray a vision, a memory, or a hallucination. Objective Treatment An objective treatment of a scene presents what is before the camera in the diegesis of the narrative. Objective treatment corresponds to third-person narration in literature. Over-the-shoulder An over-the-shoulder shot includes part of that characters shoulder or the side of the characters head while showing the scene from the characters point-of-view. 3. Narrators Bias In order to be credible, a narrator, like any person, must have a cultural background . This cultural baggage filters and influences the characters perception and therefore the characters narrative discourse. Gaze Gaze is a term that usually refers to the predominantly male gaze of Hollywood cinema in which camera angles and film editing tend to depict women as objects perceived by voyeuristic men. Gaze can refer to any biased, filtered, point-of-view such as racist, anarchist, humanist, etc. Scopophilia Scopophilia which means the love of looking refers to a voyeuristic gaze. This is a narrative point-of-view that is often used to portray intimate first-person discourse. Unreliable Narrator A narrator tells the story from his or her personal point-of-view. It is important for the reader to determine the motivation and psychology of the character assumed by the narrator in order to decide what is the veracity of the narrative. Why is this narrator telling the story in this way? Can we trust his narrative? Certain narrators withhold or distort a story according to their personal interests. The character flaws and incongruencies can reduce credibility. Unreliable narrators display traits that render themselves untrustworthy and their rendition of events must be taken with a grain of salt. Unreliable narrators usually speak in the first-person, since this form of narration tends to underline the motives for telling a story. Consequently, the narrators of memoirs and autobiographies should probably be considered unreliable. 4. Grammatical Position There are five grammatical stances or voices that a narrator can adopt: first-person, second-person, third-person limited, third-person omniscient and third-person objective. First-person and third-person points-of-view are most common. The second-person points-of-view is very rarely used. First-person Narrative A first-person narrator tells a story in the grammatical first-person referring to himself as I or We. He must witness and experience events with his senses, or be told about events. This voice brings greater focus on the feelings, opinions, and perceptions of a particular character in a story, and on how that character views the world and other characters. This technique constitutes diegesis. First-person As if spoken There are several variations of first-person narrative. The first is expressed as listen while I tell you . This stance is favoured for short stories. Although the narrator can be a character who is a mere observer, usually a main character tells the story. Interest can be sustained for a long period by a narrators colourful and colloquial language as in Huckleberry Finn. In film this form of narration can be achieved through use of voice-over narration and judicious use of point-of-view and over-the-shoulder shots. First-person As if written The second form of first-person narrative is presented as written personal memoir or report such as in Robinson Crusoe. The narrator can interject reflections and comments on the action and characters with an appreciation matured by time. This form also allows the author to move smoothly from place to place and period to period with little confusion. An epistolary narrative is presented as a series of lettres. It can reveal a great deal about the characters, the correspondents, but the action may be somewhat distant and it may take some time for audience to connect with a story. Yet another form of as if written narrative is a diary that records, over a long period, the variegation of events in the diarists life. A diary may also introduce fiction of a personal nature as the individual speculates on the denouement of events. Stream of Consciousness An even more intimate first-person narrative is a stream of consciousness or an interior monologue. This form of narration presents a story through thoughts, impressions and sensations that flow through the mind of the narrator-character. The audience is made to feel that their thoughts are flowing directly through the characters brain, that the characters senses are those of the audience. First-person Multiple Narration First-person multiple narration uses several first-person narrators, alternating among them with each new phase of the story. This allows the diversity of presentation of an omniscient narrator with the advantage of varied voices. Different characters can present the same story elements from their particular bias providing a rich explanation of the events. Second-person Narration Second-person narration is a stance in which the narrator is telling the story to another character through that characters point-of -view. The listener is referred as You. This technique also constitutes diegesis. Second-person narrative is common in interactive fiction and role-playing computer games. The reader can associate with the listener and imagine being within the action of the story. Third-person Narration Third-person narration is a story told in the grammatical third-person; the voice of the narrator describes what He or They did. The voice of the narrator appears as that of the author. This is perhaps the most common sort of narration. Third-person Limited Narration In third-person limited narration, the narrator is disembodied. The narrator does nothing, expresses no opinions and has no physical form in or out of the story. There is no implied fictional intermediary between the reader and the story. Events are observed from the outside through the senses and thoughts of a single character. The narrative is limited to the thoughts, feelings, and memories of the single character, but of no other characters. Third-person Omniscient Narration An omniscient (all-knowing) narrator is also disembodied and takes no actions, casts no judgments, expresses no opinions and has no physical form in or out of the story. The narrator dissolves and ceases to exist as a detectable entity (mimesis). The omniscient narrator speaks with the voice of the author who is a witness to all events. Any element, secret, hidden, past or present as well as any thoughts of all characters can be told by the omniscient narrator. The chronological of the story can be re-ordered in any manner and important elements of a story can be withheld until the moment of greatest effect. The third-person omniscient narrator is usually considered to be the most reliable narrator. Third-person Objective Narration In a third-person objective narration, the author records what can be seen and heard. There is not presentation of the thoughts, feelings, memories or reflections of characters. This type of narration is like the view of a fly on the wall. Literary Devices Plot Character Setting Continuity Rhetoric Characters Characterization Stock Characters

Jean Paul Gaultier Le Male advertisement Essay Example

Jean Paul Gaultier Le Male advertisement Paper I found this image in the very popular Mens Health magazine and it is an advertisement for a perfume Le Male by Jean Paul Gaultier. The image has many connotations to the society we live in and is distinctly distinguishable from similar advertisements from the past. The man in the image we can see has a lean hardened body unlike the 80s macho man image of the likes of Arnold Shwarznegger and Sylvester Stallone which were just brute muscle mass. The man still has some machoness about him mainly stemming from the stare that he is giving the camera. The unimpressed stare which oozes confidence and stature masculinity is however directly opposed by some of the feminine or homosexual connotations that the image signifies. Another sign showing the machoness of the man is the crossed hands signifieng the man is closed off and protecting himself. The kink in the mans neck is a perfect example of the femmeninity that opposes the hardened (erect) body and portrays a more flaccid standing signifieng the homosexual idea that gay men always have flaccid wrists. The sailor cap worn by the man is directly signifying the mans possible homosexuality. Where as in the past a sailor was regarded as a tough manly soldier who was nobly defending ones country these days due to the Village People and the constant news reports of weird initiation ceremonys with sexual connotations on battleships and the fact that the sailors would be out in sea with no contact with females for some time with undeniable sexual urges and frustrations points to the fact that the man might be gay. This is also backed up by the effeminate tattoos which cover the mans upper bosy. We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Paul Gaultier Le Male advertisement specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Paul Gaultier Le Male advertisement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Jean Paul Gaultier Le Male advertisement specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Tattoos such as doves, flowers, butterflys are generally seen as images that would drape the body of a woman and not a tough sailor which generally we would excpect tattoos of anchors etc.. ala Popeye. The flower tattoos around the mans nipple are also indictive of this as the nipple is an erotic zone linked to women and not straight men. The (possibly) waxed chest of the man and such thing as his manicured fingernails, plucked eyebrows connoite societys shift from the mach men of yester year to the metrosexual phenomenon of the late 90s and early Y2K. The advent of the metrosexual which is a man who takes pride in his appearance so much so that designer clothes are a msut have, shopping is no longer a choir, skin and hair products are no longer just reserved for women , has been very evident. Thanks to the likes of David Beckham whos hairstyles whilst at first were probably laughed at but now are being imitated by most urban men, Ian Thorpe who has gone so far as to start his own fashion label, a fashion label started by a swimmer? Couldnt have guessed that 10 years ago. Television shows such as Queer Eye for the Straight guy who portray straight men as slobs who take no pride in their appearance and have no idea about what is fashionable and must be shown the light by gay men also helps us understand the reasons why homosexual connotations have been used to help sell this perfume, because after all of a gay man tells us that its fashionable then it must be, right? Finally we can see that the name of the perfume is Le Male indicating that it is the essence of man. That man being the metrosexual, homosexual man of todays society which is the fashionable thing to be .

Transport in the Industrial Revolution

Transport in the Industrial Revolution During the period of major industrial change known as the ‘Industrial Revolution’, the methods of transport also changed greatly. Historians and economists agree that any industrializing society needs to have an effective transport network, to enable the movement of heavy products and materials around in order to open up access to raw materials, reduce the price of these materials and the resulting goods, break down local monopolies caused by poor transport networks and allow for an integrated economy where regions of the country could specialize. While historians sometimes disagree over whether the developments in transport experienced by first Britain, then the world, were a pre-condition allowing for industrialization, or a result of the process, the network definitely changed.   Britain Pre-Revolution In 1750, the most commonly used start date for the revolution, Britain relied on transport via a wide-ranging but poor and expensive road network, a network of rivers which could move heavier items but which was restricted by the routes nature had given, and the sea, taking goods from port to port. Each system of transport was operating at full capacity, and chaffing greatly against the limits. Over the next two centuries industrializing Britain would experience advances in their road network, and develop two new systems: first the canals, essentially man-made rivers, and then the railways. Development in Roads The British  road  network was generally poor prior to industrialization, and as pressure from changing industry grew, so the road network began to innovate in the form of Turnpike Trusts. These charged tolls to travel on especially improved roads, and helped meet demand at the start of the revolution. However, many deficiencies remained and new modes of transport were invented as a result. Invention of Canals Rivers had been used for transport for centuries, but they had problems. In the early modern period attempts were made to improve rivers, such as cutting past long meanders, and out of this grew the canal network, essentially man-made waterways which could move heavy goods more easily and cheaply. A boom began in the Midlands and Northwest, opening up new markets for a growing industry, but they remained slow. The Railway Industry Railways developed in the first half of the nineteenth century and, after a slow start, boomed in two periods of railway mania. The industrial revolution was able to grow even more, but many of the key changes had already begun without rail. Suddenly the lower classes in society could travel much further, more easily, and the regional differences in Britain began to break down.

Spanish Verbs of Happiness

Spanish Verbs of Happiness You dont always have to use an adjective such as feliz or alegre to refer to someone being happy or becoming happy. Various verbs can be used for that purpose as well. Spanish Words That Mean Love Alegrar is the most common verb of happiness. It can be used simply to mean to make happy, or in the reflexive form of alegrarse it can be used for to be happy or to become happy. In translation, you can use other English words such as joyful, cheerful or pleased, depending on the context. Me alegro de haberlo comprado. I am happy to have bought it.Creà ­a que te alegrarà ­as de verme. I thought you would be happy to see me.Es algo que te alegrar la tarde. Its something to make your afternoon happy. (Literally, it is something that will make the afternoon happy for you.)Lo à ºnico que le alegraba los lunes era el hecho que era el dà ­a de ir a comprar provisiones de chocolate para toda la semana. The only thing that cheered him up on Mondays was the fact that it was the day of going shopping for the weeks chocolate supply.No me alegra la muerte de un ser humano. The death of a human being doesnt make me happy. Contentar, obviously a cognate of the word content, can be used in much the same way. It often carries the idea of satisfaction. Cuando te veo me contento. When I see you Im content.Los administradores se contentaban con dedicar a sus clientes una mà ­nima cantidad de tiempo. The administrators were content to devote a minimum amount of time to their clients.No nos contentemos con lo que tenemos. Lets not be satisfied with what we have.No serà ­a extraà ±o para nadie que los resultados contenten a Chvez. It wouldnt seem strange to anyone for Chvez to be happy with the outcome. Deleitar, a cognate of to delight, typically has that meaning: Ella me deleità ³ con su artà ­culo sobre nuestros miedos. She delighted me with her article about our fears.En primavera te deleito, en verano te refresco, en otoà ±o te alimento, y en invierno te caliento.  ¿Quà © soy? (Un rbol.) In spring I delight you, in summer I refresh you, in fall I feed you and in winter I keep you warm. What am I? (A tree.) Alborozar is an uncommon verb that has a connotation similar to to delight or to excite: Alborozas cada cà ©lula de mi ser. You thrill each cell of my being.Se alborozaron con la idea de tener su apartamento propio. They were excited about the idea of having their own apartment. Placer, related to the English word please, suggests the giving of pleasure. Me place decir que tengo dos. It pleases me to say I have two.El recià ©n inaugurado museo tiene dos aspectos que me placieron. The recently inaugurated museum has two aspects that pleased me. Felicitar is derived from feliz and is included here for that reason. It typically means to wish someone happiness and is often translated as to congratulate. Me felicitaron por la seleccià ³n del hotel. They congratulated me for the hotel selection.

Course Project Phase Two Deliverable Security Lighting in the Fennelly Essay

Course Project Phase Two Deliverable Security Lighting in the Fennelly textbook - Essay Example Its structural material is steel, exterior finishing material making-up the facade of the facility is tinted glass, and the facade color is blue. The architectural style of this building is modernism. The developer responsible for design and construction of this facility is The Webb Companies. The existing building status of this facility is completed. Currently, the main usage of this building is the Fifth Third Bank and other financial institutions. The general vicinity of the facility is at the neighborhood of downtown Lexington. Facilities around the building include bars, hotels, and restaurants i.e. Al’s Bar, The Lunch Box, Tolly Ho, Wingspan Gallery, Holiday Inn Express Hotel & Suites Lexington- Downtown/University, Courtyard Lexington North, Crowne Plaza Hotel Lexington-The Campbell House, Residence Inn Lexington North, and Inn On Broadway. The facility is surrounded by numerous socialization centers, thus risk-based prioritization prompts the general security of this building. This calls for physical security asset control. This facility has to be protected since it holds several financial institutions. It must be noted that financial institutions have the ability to disrupt the broader financial system if they fail. Thus, the attack or compromise of this institution leads to financial risk, thus triggering economic growth which will lead to a financial crisis, which will create a significant negative impact to the average U.S. citizen. Lexington Financial Center offers the following products or services: real estate management services, condominium property management, leasing property management, residential real estate property management, and real estate property management companies. No, there have been no substantial security incidences at the facility in the last 2-3 years. This shows that the facility is well protected; high standards of security are maintained in this building. According to my findings from observation on the facility;

Sioux Artist Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Sioux Artist - Essay Example The Sioux art portrayed their culture, beliefs, visions and dreams, making their art highly valuable among themselves. One of the most interesting Sioux artworks showcased by the Denver Art museum is the Sioux headdress. This particular piece, creatively designed, has many coloured feathers that give it an interesting appeal. Ideally, the multi-feathered headdress was supposed to tower high above its wearer. It has a top, supported with a long pole and feathers on one side. The designers of the headdress were keen enough not to mix too many colours, with white feathers attached on a yellow skin, attached to the white pole. This shows the carefulness with which the designers carried out their work. Additionally, it shows how important art was to these people. Evidence of creativity and imagination in this piece is at the top. The headdress has well rounded top with a beautifully coloured lining. Two pieces of skin attached to the top dangles from the top, which would dance whenever the wearer shook his head. A hairy yellow coloured skin supports the feathers on top, making this one of the most creati vely designed Sioux artworks I have seen so

Intercultural communication language

Intercultural communication language CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction A literature review refers to any collection of materials on a topic, not necessarily the great literary texts of the world. The literature review is a body of text that aims to review the critical points of current knowledge on a particular topic. The literature review can be just a simple summary of sources, but it usually has an organizational pattern and combines both summary and synthesis. Therefore, this chapter will discuss published information in a particular subject area. In addition, this research also will discuss sometimes information in a particular subject area within a certain time period. This chapter details the relevant secondary data obtained to present various works published by various authors in many different countries. The literature review usually precedes a research proposal, methodology and results section. This chapter is organized according to several components. This chapter will focus on the intercultural communication is affected by language use in un iversity for different ethnic groups. The independent variables like languages proficiency, language conflict, acculturation motivation to learn, and interaction potential about communication languages and too much documentation will be studied.(Virginia, 2002) Definitions Language A language is considered to be a system of communication with other people using sounds, symbols and words in expressing a meaning, idea or thought. This language can be used in many forms, primarily through oral and written communications as well as using expressions through body language (APA Style, 2009). Ethnic groups The term ethnic means of or pertaining to a group of people recognized as a class on the basis of certain distinctive characteristics such as religion, language, ancestry, culture or national origin (Babylon, 1997). Intercultural communication This is in many ways similar to group communication, but the role of groups is taken by ethnic cultures. However, as it is used in communication studies, intercultural communication tends to describe the relations between members of different ethnic groups and languages, and interacting in an international context (Kwintessential, 2009). Efficiency A relatively efficient process either requires fewer inputs or produces more outputs compared to a similar process, to achieve the objectives of the process (Dave Chaffey, 1997a). Effectiveness Effectiveness is very similar to efficiency, but the measure is related to some enterprise objective rather than the technical quality of output. Therefore, the effectiveness measure of a business process can be indicated by the resource inputs needed to produce a level of an enterprise objective (Dave Chaffey, 1997b). Teamwork spirit A joint action by two or more people, in which each person contributes with different skills and express his or her individual interests and opinion to the unity and efficiency of the group in order to achieve common goals (Buzzle, 2000). Independent variables A manipulated variable in an experiment or study which is the presence or degree determines the change in the dependent variables. The independent variable is the element that is subject to arbitrary (not random) change, in order to test the results. An independent variable is a hypothesized cause or influence on a dependent variable. One way to distinguish these variables is to ask yourself what you are wanted to learn from this research (Wikipedia, 2009). Language proficiency Refers to the degree to which the student exhibits control over the use of language, including the measurement of expressive and receptive language skills in the areas of phonology, syntax, vocabulary, and semantics and including the areas of pragmatics or language use within various domains or social circumstances. Proficiency in a language is judged independently and does not imply a lack of proficiency in another language (Wren, 2009). Acculturation The exchange of cultural features that results groups of individuals having different cultures come into continuous first hand contact; the original cultural patterns of either or both groups may be altered, but the groups remain distinct (Kottak, 2007). Motivation Motivation is defined as communicating to an internal force that actuates a behavioral pattern, thought process, action or reaction. Negative forces or positive forces can act as actuators (Speechmastery, 2009). Language Proficiency Martin and Nakayama (1999), communication is the most rewarding one as well teaching us that culture always changes and the most important quality for work on intercultural society. Because of the internal and external influences, intercultural communication is important because people from different cultures have been encountering each other. Communication is a interpretive, symbolic, transactional, contextual process of difference between people is large and important to create dissimilar interpretations and expectations about the regarded as competent behaviors that should be used to create shared meanings. The theories in philosophy of languages will make a distinction between two communicative challenges (Hale and Wright, 1997; Ludlow, 1997). The first concerns need to have a platform of a shared language (Burge, 1979; Peacock, 1992). According to Fodor (1992) and Nordby (2003), imagine the reindeer herder and some government official can represents the interests of the public having a dialogue about the idea of turning the relevant areas into national parks. The way to understand language is shaped by the overall beliefs and socio-cultural contexts. It is obvious that the herders and the officials respective understandings the sufficiently similar for their associating and the same meaning with the same expressions (Burge, 1979). Most respondents believe that the proficiency of language is Latvias inhabitants must know the Latvian language. More than two year, they need to improve their Latvian language. Thus the attitude of Latvian language is positive. This is supported towards growing the proficiency in Latvian among non-Latvians. Inhabitants of Latvia may improve inter-ethnic relationships, constant process and, promote the process of integration and communication between each others (Bratt, 1994). The communicative similarities and differences across cultures provide is to understand the cross-cultural misunderstandings occur, and misunderstanding can be reduced in future intercultural encounter. The individual made the communicative adaptations when they move between cultures provides cross-cultural adaptation models, and they can informative indexes to understand cross-cultural newcomers dynamic status of intercultural transformation (Kim, 2001). According to Bartlett and Johnson (1998), the English is a sort of creoles language. It is more difficult for native speaker rather than non-native ones to understand. The use of English in multinational companies is that able to master the foreign languages tend to centralize communication within the company. Because of the few problems they have in making acquaintance with all kinds of people and interacting with then in a competent ways. This centralization of communication is often associated with a concentration of power into the hands of who can cope with communication in an autonomous way. Therefore, language skills may become an important tool in internal company politics with consequent significant strategic potentialities. Students learn second language may possesses skills ranging from conversational fluency acquired from contacts with the second language-speaking world to formal knowledge obtained in second language as a foreign language classes in their countries of origin. For example, High schools students are learning English as a second language in U.S. classroom. The extent and type of prior knowledge is an essential consideration in planning instruction. For example, a student with informal conversational English skills may have little understanding of English grammatical systems and may need to specific instruction in English grammar (Eric, 2000). Language Conflict In different social-cultural contexts, teachers and students face different challenges, such as power and control, local structural conditions, language policies, ideology, and discursive rules that generate practice of inclusion and exclusion (Bertein, 1996; Phillpsom, 2001). Teachers and students in a foreign context will lack familiar frames of references. Therefore, they may find the situation such as unfriendly, unwelcome, inhospitable, and confusingly varied and unpredictable (Holliday, 1994) and may fail to recognize and meet both experiences, public, and personal theories may often lead to misunderstanding and frustration. According to Dyke (1985), the language conflict is a worst problem in Latvia. Regarding this conflict, the psychological factors are importance because Latvian language is a national symbol of Latvians as an ethnic group. Besides that, a part of Russians and Russian speakers the reversal from dominant to minority position is not acceptable. In the Baltic Data House survey data, the language conflict between Latvian speakers and Russian speakers is most obvious. Stereotypes of the ethnic identities, the all ethnic are a rapist rejects the suggestion that this applies to personally act as catalyst of misunderstanding and communication difficulties. By dissociating, these stereotypes the interviewees support the argument that not all member of an ethnic group are alike. The ethnic groups are heterogeneous, and then the conflict of language will easy occur in the group (Bennett, 2004). In intercultural communication, people often believe for granted because they have grown up in the culture and think their way is the best. In this case, they tend to transfer their own cultural values and beliefs to the situation of intercultural communication as guidelines for their behavior, so that misunderstandings or ineffective communication arise. Jensen and Longreen (1995), the negative transfer of deep-structure culture arises in such aspects as cultural values, thought patterns, religious beliefs and ethnics. Turner (1982), in different ethnic groups has a different value on group membership or individual self-determination. As a result, a member of ethnic group may think someone from a different ethnic group with different values for politeness is rude. When this misunderstanding is occur without correction, this situation can escalate into a negative labeling of all members in the group. This can be a major source of negative ethnic stereotypes. Worldwide migration induces multicultural contact in societies, including health care. The multicultural contacts and communication are often complicated by language barriers, and obstructions are caused by different culturally defined views and perceptions. According to Kleinman, (1995) both physician and patient need to exchange each others perceptions about the patients illness in order to achieve understanding and agreement about diagnosis and treatment. Lack of understanding and agreement is assumed to lead to less compliance and a reduction in perceived quality of care. Communicating in English is confronted with a psycho-cognitive situation where his/her native linguistic and cultural schemata conflict with the English schemata dominant in international professional communities. Forced to negotiate and redefine cultural, the identity is to successfully communicate in international and intercultural settings. Furthermore, cultural interaction in international communities and organizations suggest the possibility of hybrid communicative schemata in which a new set of cultural values and identities-functional to communication in the wider community. This is created in response to communicate internationally. This is a counterpart of the ongoing process of economic globalization of which it is both an expression and an instrument. (Hofstede, 1991) Stranger person will commonly interaction the stereotyping (Gudykunst, 2005). When people are group, they will perform the positive or negative evaluations to these groups. Turner (1982), groups with people identify are evaluated positively or negatively. This is regularly recognized as ethnocentric attitudes, biased, or prejudice (Togeby, 1997; Brown, 1995). According to Tajfel (1978), the negative evaluations can create problems in an interaction when people need a positive self-image. Acculturation and Motivation to learn According to Chan (1997); Kennedy (2002); and Hu (2002), it is well acknowledged that Chinese students are extremely diligent, high achieving, hardworking, respectful, cooperative, trustworthy, persevering, and disciplined. Chinese students learning seriously and they show the respecting for the English native speakers in a hope to learn real English and get the best from them (Boyle, 2000). In their learning, Chinese students tent to exhibit a high degree to improve their knowledge of both western culture and the English language through diligent study and practice, and this can be a very stimulating motivation from a teacher. Trueba (1988) argued that the conditions for effective learning are created only when the role of culture is recognized. The used in the settings is under which learning are taking place. The environments should recognize the importance of culture in specific instructional settings and attempt to integrate the home and school cultures into the teaching pedagogy. When cultural conflicts arise, they should be resolved instead of being dismissed. A research study on the cultural identities of an ethnic group in China called the Miao. The undergraduate students of Miao and their life in the university, is an institution dominated by the majority Han Chinese and revealed that even when placed in a different learning environment. The strong cultural identity of the Miao students allowed them to draw on this affiliation for an increased motivation to succeed academically. Learning a second language is not detract. In fact, it is enhanced their pride in their identity and strong affiliation to their ethnic group. This study is important implications because it shows that being empowered in a new learning environment and do not necessitate forsaking ones own culture and language; indeed their empowerment in a new society depended on their being Miao and retaining their identification and affiliation with Miao traditions, culture and language (Trueba and Zou 1994). The importance of the host language in intercultural communication is self-evident. Effective of cross-cultural communication can take place when the language appropriate to a given society is as least minimally used and comprehended. According to Taft (1957), The function of language in intercultural communication is to facilitate ones cultural learning and to permit maximum group participation. Research has largely supported the generalization that the learning of the host language accelerates acculturation (DeFleur and Cho, 1957; Breton, 1964; Chance, 1965; Richmond, 1967; Graves, 1967; Price, 1968). Similarly, fluency in English is considered to be the most important determinant of a sojourners exposure to the American mass media (Richmond, 1967). Cross-cultural communication is attempts to link the variations in communication behavior to the cultural contexts. It also provides the conceptual tools to understand culture and communication influences the communications. The latter is relatively a new area and seeks to understand the changes in individual communication behavior that are related to the process of acculturation and communication interaction. This approach has provided a substantial body of literature dealing with stages, patterns and outcomes of adjustment. Intercultural communication helps to comprehend daily events in the multicultural world from the depth of social-cultural, especially cross-cultural level (Ting-Toomey, 1993). According to Poppy et al. (1996), adapting to a new culture may be taken much time for newcomers. Children generally acculturate more rapidly and easily than their parents. It is important to note that there are varying degrees or levels of acculturation which students and their families may be experiencing at any point in time after arriving. The degree of acculturation can accelerate or delay learning in school. This is equally important that there is no right or wrong with regard to acculturation and any fix nature to any. The labels simply describe a cultural condition and psychological experienced in the process of acculturation. Since the 1980s, the concept of integrativeness has been extended to identification the general cultural and intellectual values associated with the speakers of other languages and the explaining the attraction toward languages in countries. Motivation is one of the most studied aspects of learning. Social psychologists working in Canadian bilingual programs, Robert and Wallace Lambert (1972) considered that the motivation is the primary enhancing or blocking communication between cultures. For many years, integrative motivation was regarded as the desirable motivation for foreign students. Alicia Pousada (2006), some Puerto Rican students being like Americans is important because they may attend English-only schools, listen to English language music, travel to the U.S. Some have U.S.-born and/or raised parents or relatives, and plan to live or study in the U.S. in the future. For others, English is viewed solely as a tool for obtaining a good job. Their motivation is instrumental rather than integrative, since there is little desire to emulate Americans, even though cultural imitation or syncretism may occur unconsciously. English and Americans are totally foreign, somewhat frightening, and perhaps repugnant, as they represent a perceived loss of local Puerto Rican mores and a form of cultural homogenization. Interaction Potential Intercultural communication competence can improve by the communication apprehension. Beamers model did not make a clear distinction between competence and sensitivity and targeting developing intercultural communication competence (Beamer 1992). In there studies, intercultural communication competence was treated generally as the knowledge, motivation, and skills for effective communication. (Spitzberg, 1989; Wiseman, 2001). Herring (1990) presented that nonverbal communication was part of communication. Cultural misunderstandings and miscommunications must be reduced and increasing the cultural differences awareness in nonverbal communication patterns. Herring noted that many ethnic groups use nonverbal communications to expressions their feeling and attitudes. The incorporation of nonverbal communication in current and new counseling techniques could result in more appropriate and effective cross-cultural counseling. Nowadays, the cultural competency is very important. We are not longer confined to out national and cultural borders. We mix with people from different cultures, ethnicity, religions and colours on a daily basis. According to Belay, (1993), to make this intercultural experience work on all levels from education to business and to the government, we have to develop basic skills in intercultural communication and understanding. Shorris (1992) makes the point that umbrella labels such as Latino obscure important differences between Latinos of different countries of origin, thus confronting standard concepts of ethnic groups. Bershtel and Graubard (1993) discuss the role of religion in defining ethnicity, and also challenges students to consider intersections between race and ethnicity. Ethnic identity is not a constant throughout the life course. Feiler (1991) served to cover Japanese culture. He wanted to reflect an international perspective and to bring the discussion of interaction of language and ethnicity outside of the American context. He also shows how one must understand the underlying logic of a culture, not just its language and local customs, and interaction potential between ethnic groups. Anderson (1990) serves to address both Euro-American and African American ethnic groups. In a study, he focused on interactions between Euro-American and African American ethnic groups in public spaces in an urban setting. He showed students how nonverbal communication works through the lens of ethnicity and colour, and how social class and race affect the use of public spaces and urban territories. Thomas (2000), inability to speak the same language presents significant obstacles to understanding will occur the stressful and it must be for the many international students in colleges and university throughout the United States who must expend considerable energy listening and trying to decipher the content of messages; little energy is available for the nuances and subtleties of the interaction. The important concept in intercultural studies is intercultural sensitivity. That has been confused or treated indiscriminatingly and not yet fully understood with intercultural communication competence and intercultural awareness (Chen and Starosta, 2000). Intercultural awareness, intercultural adroitness, and intercultural sensitivity is an umbrella concept that subsumes by intercultural communication competence and representing the cognitive, affective, and behavioral aspect of intercultural communication competence and respectively. The multidimensional conceptualization makes it possible into how knowledge, motivation, emotion, and behavior may interact with each other. These elements may contribute the overall level of intercultural communication competence of the communication subjects. Thus, the insightful clues for rigorous research and theoretical framework will development the effective training programs for intercultural sensitivity. Roux (2002) argued that successful educators are effective communicator and culturally competent in cross-cultural encounters. Communication can be a useful source of intercultural knowledge and mutual enrichment between culturally diverse students if managed proactively by the teacher. Therefore, teachers should be sensitive to the potentially problematic outcomes of intercultural communication in the culturally diverse class. Otherwise, communication could be a source of frustration, intercultural conflict, misapprehensions and ultimately school failure. Cross-cultural communication is complex and potentially problematic on education. A rich repertoire of verbal and nonverbal behavior to the intercultural situation will effective capabilities to react sensitively to fellow communicators from other cultures is a necessity in education (Linda, 1997). Chen (2002) explored perceptions of intercultural interaction. The study addressed the connection between perceptions of intercultural communication and intercultural interaction satisfaction. The most common aspect that was realized the inability of the students to identify mutual topics of mutual interest. This was probably mutual the lack of familiarity with the partners culture. This factor was labeled common ground to reflect this characteristic of intercultural communication. Communication satisfaction was affective construct that reflected participants emotional reaction toward their interaction. In terms of the degree it had met or failed to their expectation. The competent intercultural communication was predicted the high communication satisfaction. Summary The beginning of this chapter two is basically about the brief overview flow of the chapter. Then followed by the discussion on informational literature review which the main content of this chapter. In this section, it focuses on past research that provides useful information for the progress and development in this research paper. In addition, it also exposed the readers with the knowledge and understanding towards the intercultural communication that is affected by language use in university for different ethnic group. After that, this chapter goes on with the relationship between the independent variables and dependent variable of this research, which is a really short and simple summary for the extensive literature review. Finally, this chapter ends with the summary for this whole chapter.